The maritime industry is a dangerous and highly technologicallysaturated sector. Unfortunately, advancement in automation and technologyhave not minimised human error as intended. Interaction between humansand technology in the industry is also overtly pre-scripted. The main reasonfor this is to reduce human error by ensuring predictability in interaction.Ultimately, investigations of non-routine interaction are often based on a hind-sight view of what went wrong in a given situation. This article analyses acollection of non-routine interactions that derive from a larger data corpus,using Discursive Psychology and Conversation Analysis. It argues that such astudy can capture what is missing from some investigations, namely, whatmakes sense for crews in the context of a given non-routine situation. Despitethe constraints and the challenges of technological complexity, this articleargues that reframing psychological matters in non-routine technologicallymediated interaction can be a new way of showing how such matters aredynamic, visible and manageable. This can inform the general debate of howto minimise human error, and more specifically, provide insight into the increas-ing inclusion of technology and as a consequence, the equally increasingamount of technologically mediated interaction that we will see in the future.
This article investigates how speakers in maritime technologically mediated interaction utilize pre-scripted interaction. The analysis uses micro-analytical methods that have not been used in the analysis of maritime interactions since the study by Bailey et al. (2006). In contrast to Bailey et al. (2006) who have analysed interactions between co-located speakers on board ships, this article analyses interactions between speakers who are not co-located. Micro-analytical methods can shed light on sense-making practices that speakers display in pre-scripted user-device interaction as pointed out by Arminen (2005). The article advances the observations of Bailey et al. (2006) regarding the ‘confirmatory form’ that they found predominant in co-located bridge team interaction. A ‘confirmatory form’ is a speaker display of the pre-script1 called a ‘readback’ (IMO SMCP, 2001), that speakers show when verifying information. The analysis shows that the structure of the ‘readback’ is used by speakers, is dependent on reflexive user-device interaction and involves a situated rule-following (Wittgenstein, 1958). The article then argues against the findings in The MARCOM Project (1999) that advocates that spoken interaction should be done away with completely as a way of promoting safe navigation, and concurs with studies in aviation research, that show how verbal interaction is an essential part of the situated understanding that takes place when performing institutional tasks (Sanne, 2003; Nevile, 2004a; Falzon, 2008, 2009).
Piracy has unfortunately become a health and safety risk for seafarers in the maritime industry today. However, little do we know about the impact of a pirate hijacking situation and how seafarers cope. Focusing on negotiation communication, the analysis debouches in a discussion of the dynamics of coping strategies, by investigating 173 authentic audio recordings of communication sequences recorded during a pirate hijacking situation that were donated voluntarily by a shipping company. The Captain assessed and reflected on the course of events in the situation, to which the negotiator responded appropriately, with acknowledging brief responses or psychological aid. This is similar to other highly dynamic decision-making settings, where decision-makers tend to continuously reflect and revise their view of the situation (Eraut 2000). The data is also consistent with the “reflection-in-action” concept by Schön (1983) used by van den Heuvel et al. (Cogn Technol Work 16: 25–45, 2014) in their investigation of communication of police officers in hostage situations. However, the coping dynamics changed when the negotiator’s responses became too minimal. This shows how the context and the individual’s cognitive appraisal of the encounter co-shapes the coping dynamics in the situation. It is urged that pre-piracy care and seafarer training involves practical examples and information about roles and coping dynamics in negotiation communication as part of an orchestrated approach to the scourge of piracy.
Small-scale fishing communities along Cambodia's coast have relied on marine resources as a mainstay of their livelihood for many decades. However, in the past 10 to 15 years, environmental change, increased fishing pressure, illegal, underreported, and unregulated fishing, and sand mining have contributed to a progressive decline in their catch. At the same time, economic opportunities outside the coastal village have acted as a draw and catalyzed migration to secondary cities and to the capital. This study examines out-migration of people from coastal communities to the city of Koh Kong. Using qualitative data collected from three fishing villages, I explore why people leave and why others stay in the village. In the context of city provisioning systems, the study also reveals a shift in climate-related vulnerability for coastal village migrants when they become urban residents. The study highlights the importance of looking not only at city planning, infrastructure challenges, and climate risks but also at the attendant social effects that phenomena such as migration have on people who are increasingly on the move. Such a perspective offers a more people-centred understanding of urban climate resilience in Cambodia, and potentially for other countries across Southeast Asia.
Fishing and sand mining in Cambodia may not appear to have much in common. However, digging deeper reveals important parallels. Both fishing and sand mining support livelihoods and are connected to a limited natural resource. Meanwhile, they are both typified by precarious livelihoods, on the one hand, and overexploitation, on the other. In bringing these two topics together, the paper combines empirical qualitative research from two separate studies conducted by the co-authors in Cambodia, one in coastal fishing villages and another in the sand mining industry along the Mekong River. We argue that the interplay between fishing and sand mining has paradoxical impacts on livelihoods, supporting one group while undermining another. Using a precarity analysis lens, we show how an unconventional, and largely invisible frontier of natural resource exploitation—sand mining—is intertwined with fisheries, and expands our understanding of the relationship between precarious labour, environmental change, and livelihoods.
This study presents a detailed quantification of how flow orientation affects mass transfer and frictional resistance in periodically confined channels, offering novel insights into the physical similarity relations governing these phenomena. We constitute that the Sherwood number and friction factor adhere to universal scaling laws of the form Sh = A1+B sin(2α) Re1 2 and f = A1+B sin(2α) Re−1 2 , where α depicts the orientation of the periodically confined channel. It is found that the flow orientation and the cross flow velocity independently affect both, the Sherwood number and the friction factor. A key contribution of this work is the explicit characterization of the flow orientation: a 45° rotation of the flow relative to the spacer structure increases the Sherwood number by nearly 25%, while the friction factor rises by approximately 20%. These findings highlight a fundamental trade-off between mass transfer enhancement and flow resistance, suggesting that any process optimization must carefully balance the gains in mixing efficiency against the increased energy dissipation. This study provides a robust framework for further investigations into how periodic geometrical constraints influence transport processes in complex flow systems.
Continuous inspection and mapping of the seabed allows for monitoring the impact of anthropogenic activities on benthic ecosystems. Compared to traditional manual assessment methods which are impractical at scale, computer vision holds great potential for widespread and long-term monitoring.
We deploy an underwater remotely operated vehicle (ROV) in Jammer Bay, a heavily fished area in the Greater North Sea, and capture videos of the seabed for habitat classification. The collected JAMBO dataset is inherently ambiguous: water in the bay is typically turbid which degrades visibility and makes habitats more difficult to identify. To capture the uncertainties involved in manual visual inspection, we employ multiple annotators to classify the same set of images and analyze time spent per annotation, the extent to which annotators agree, and more.
We then evaluate the potential of vision foundation models (DINO, OpenCLIP, BioCLIP) for automating image-based benthic habitat classification. We find that despite ambiguity in the dataset, a well chosen pre-trained feature extractor with linear probing can match the performance of manual annotators when evaluated in known locations. However, generalization across time and place is an important challenge.
Ocean acidification (OA) is a global problem with profoundly negative environmental, social and economic consequences. From a governance perspective, there is a
need to ensure a coordinated effort to directly address it. This study reviews 90 legislative documents from 17 countries from the European Economic Area (EEA) and
the UK that primarily border the sea. The primary finding from this study is that the European national policies and legislation addressing OA is at best uncoordinated. Although OA is acknowledged at the higher levels of governance, its status as an environmental challenge is greatly diluted at the European Union Member
State level. As a notable exception within the EEA, Norway seems to have a proactive approach towards legislative frameworks and research aimed towards further
understanding OA. On the other hand, there was a complete lack of, or inadequate reporting in the Marine Strategy Framework Directive by the majority of the EU
Member States, with the exception of Italy and the Netherlands. We argue that the problems associated with OA and the solutions needed to address it are unique and
cannot be bundled together with traditional climate change responses and measures. Therefore, European OA-related policy and legislation must reflect this and
tailor their actions to mitigate OA to safeguard marine ecosystems and societies. A stronger and more coordinated approach is needed to build environmental,
economic and social resilience of the observed and anticipated changes to the coastal marine systems.
With the current revolution in Shipping 4.0, a tremendous amount of data is accumulated during vessel operations.
Data quality (DQ) is becoming more and more important for the further digitalization and effective decision-making
in shipping industry. In this study, a practical DQ assessment method for raw data in vessel operations is proposed.
In this method, specific data categories and data dimensions are developed based on engineering practice and existing
literature. Concrete validation rules are then formed, which can be used to properly divide raw datasets. Afterwards,
a scoring method is used for the assessment of the data quality. Three levels, namely good, warning and alarm,
are adopted to reflect the final data quality. The root causes of bad data quality could be revealed once the internal
dependency among rules has been built, which will facilitate the further improvement of DQ in practice. A case study
based on the datasets from a Danish shipping company is conducted, where the DQ variation is monitored, assessed
and compared. The results indicate that the proposed method is effective to help shipping industry improve the quality
of raw data in practice. This innovation research can facilitate shipping industry to set a solid foundation at the early
stage of their digitalization journeys.
With the current revolution in Shipping 4.0, a tremendous amount of data is accumulated during vessel operations.
Data quality (DQ) is becoming more and more important for the further digitalization and effective decision-making
in shipping industry. In this study, a practical DQ assessment method for raw data in vessel operations is proposed.
In this method, specific data categories and data dimensions are developed based on engineering practice and existing
literature. Concrete validation rules are then formed, which can be used to properly divide raw datasets. Afterwards,
a scoring method is used for the assessment of the data quality. Three levels, namely good, warning and alarm,
are adopted to reflect the final data quality. The root causes of bad data quality could be revealed once the internal
dependency among rules has been built, which will facilitate the further improvement of DQ in practice. A case study
based on the datasets from a Danish shipping company is conducted, where the DQ variation is monitored, assessed
and compared. The results indicate that the proposed method is effective to help shipping industry improve the quality
of raw data in practice. This innovation research can facilitate shipping industry to set a solid foundation at the early
stage of their digitalization journeys.